M/S Sumadhura Infracon Private Limited vs. State Of Karnataka
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The petitioner, M/s. Sumadhura Infracon Private Limited, filed a writ petition challenging the Karnataka Municipal Corporations and Certain Other Law (Amendment) Act, 2021 (Karnataka Act No.01 of 2022), and various other notifications, circulars, and demand notices issued by the respondents, including the Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP). The petitioner sought to declare these enactments and actions as ultra vires the Constitution and to quash specific orders and demand notices related to ground rent, GST on ground rent, license fees, scrutiny fees, security deposits, and labour cess. The core of the petitioner's challenge revolved around the legality of these levies and the amendments that introduced or enforced them.
Held
The Court, by relying on a coordinate bench's judgment in W.P.No.23086/2022 and connected matters, held that the Karnataka Municipal Corporations and Certain Other Law (Amendment) Act, 2021 (Karnataka Act No.01 of 2022) and the Karnataka Municipal Corporations and Certain Other Law (Amendment) Act, 2023, (Karnataka Act No.37 of 2024) were quashed and set aside. The Court declared that Section 18-A of the Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act, 1961, read with Rules 37-A and 37-C of the Karnataka Planning Authority Rules, 1965, are applicable only to development plans for plots exceeding 20,000 square meters. It was also held that if fees for change of land use or layout plan approval were already collected, no further fee would be collected for subsequent development plans. The linkage of these levies to market or guidance value under Section 45-B of the Karnataka Stamp Act was declared illegal. Consequently, all impugned circulars and demand notices giving effect to these rules were quashed. Clause 3.8 of the BBMP Building Bye-laws, 2003, concerning 'Ground Rent', was also struck down as illegal. The ratio decidendi is that amendments and levies that are beyond legislative competence, arbitrary, or based on illegal linkages are liable to be quashed, and that prior judgments on similar issues are binding.
Key Issues
1. Whether the Karnataka Municipal Corporations and Certain Other Law (Amendment) Act, 2021 (Karnataka Act No.01 of 2022) and the Karnataka Municipal Corporations and Certain Other Law (Amendment) Act, 2023, are ultra vires the Constitution? 2. Whether Section 18-A of the Karnataka Town & Country Planning Act, 1961, read with Rules 37-A and 37-C of the Karnataka Planning Authority Rules, 1965, are applicable only to development plans for plots exceeding 20,000 square meters? 3. Whether the linkage of fees leviable under Rule 37-A of the Karnataka Planning Authority Rules, 1965, to the 'market value' or 'guidance value' under Section 45-B of the Karnataka Stamp Act, 1957, is illegal? 4. Whether Clause 3.8 of the Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike Building Bye-laws, 2003, providing for 'Ground Rent', is illegal? Petitioner's arguments (implied by reliefs sought): The petitioner argued that the impugned amendment acts, notifications, circulars, and demand notices were illegal, without jurisdiction, and arbitrary. They contended that the levies were unjustified and that the amendment acts were verbatim reproductions of ordinances, raising questions about legislative propriety. The petitioner also challenged the imposition of various fees and the basis for their calculation. Respondents' arguments: The judgment does not explicitly record arguments from the respondents. However, their actions in issuing the impugned notices and notifications suggest they were enforcing the provisions of the challenged enactments.
Sections Cited
Section 18-A, Rule 37-A, Rule 37-C, Section 45-B
AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below
Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
ORAL ORDER
The captioned petition is filed seeking following reliefs:
“i) Grant an order declaring that the entire Karnataka Municipal Corporations and Certain Other Law (Amendment) Act, 2021 (Karnataka Act No.01 of 2022) No.DPAL.50SHASANA 2021 notified on 13/01/2022 (ANNEXURE-Q) as being ultra vires the Constitution in so far the Petitioner is concerned in so far the Petitioner is concerned.
ii) To declare that Karnataka Municipal Corporations and Certain Other Law (Amendment) Act, 2021 (Karnataka Act No.01 of 2022) No.DPAL.50SHASANA 2021 notified on 13/01/2022 (ANNEXURE-Q) as the impugned Act is an in verbatim reproduction of the Ordinance dated 16/11/2021 is concerned.
iii) Grant an order, direction or writ in the nature of certiorari quashing the Office Order No.HaNiNaYo/PR/461/2021-22 dated 09/12/2021 issued by Respondent No.3 as contained in (ANNEXURE-P) in so far the Petitioner is concerned.
iv) Grant an order, direction or writ in the nature of Certiorari quashing Section 18-A of the Karnataka Town & Country Planning Act, 1961 brought into effect by Karnataka Act No.23 of 2004 dated 03.06.2004 (Karnataka Town & Country Planning (Amendment) Act) HC-KAR NC: 2025:KHC:23192 as contained in (ANNEXURE-J) insofar as Section 18-A(i) and (iv) of the Karnataka Act No.23 of 2004 is concerned;
v) Grant an order, direction or writ in the nature of Certiorari quashing the Notification issued by the 1st Respondent bearing No.UDD 3 TTP 2015 dated 25/02/2020 as contained in (ANNEXURE-H) insofar as the inserted Rule 37-A and 37-C is concerned;
vi) issue a writ or order by way of certiorari quashing the circular dated 14/08/2020, bearing No.He.Ni.Ka.Pa.Ko/P.R/320/2020-21 issued by the Respondent No.3 (Annexure-K) in so far the Petitioner is concerned.
vii) Grant an order, direction or writ in the nature of Certiorari quashing the Notification issued by the 1st Respondent bearing No.UDD 23 TTP 2020 (E) dated 21/06/2021 as contained in (ANNEXURE-L) insofar as the inserted Rule 37-A and 37-C is concerned;
viii) issue a writ or order by way of certiorari quashing the circular dated 24/06/2021, bearing No.He.Ni.Na.Yo/P.R/320/2020-21 issued by the Respondent No.3 (Annexure-M) in so far the Petitioner is concerned.
ix) issue a writ or order by way of certiorari quashing the demand notice dated NIL, bearing LP No.:BBMP/Addl.Dir/JDNORTH/0017/24-25, issued by the Respondent No.3 and 4 (Annexure-D) for demanding in HC-KAR NC: 2025:KHC:23192 so far it is concerned to Ground rent, GST on Ground rent, License fee, scrutiny fee, security deposit, Labour cess and etc., as illegal, without juri iction and arbitrary.
x) issue a writ or order or direction by way of mandamus directing the Respondent No.3 and 4 BBMP for issue of New (Fresh Plan Sanction) sanction building in the Schedule Property without insisting the Ground rent (including GST), License fee, scrutiny fee, security deposit, Lake Rejuvenation Fee, Compound Wall Fee, Water Supply Scheme (BWSSB), Ring Road (BDA), Improving the Slums (KSCB), MRTS (BDA), 5% Levy service charges, etc.; and xi) pass any such other order(s) as this Hon’ble Court deems fit in the facts and circumstances of the case in the interest of justice and equity.”
It is brought to the notice of this Court that across the Bar, the issue is dealt by the Co-ordinate Bench in the reported judgment in W.P.No.23086/2022 and connected matters. The Co-ordinate Bench, while deciding the issue, has set-aside the Karnataka Municipal Corporations and Certain Other Law (Amendment) Act, 2021 (Karnataka Act No.01 of 2022) and the Karnataka Municipal Corporations and Certain Other Law HC-KAR NC: 2025:KHC:23192 (Amendment) Act, 2023, (Karnataka Act No.37 of 2024). Therefore, this Court deems it fit to cull out the operative portion of the order, which reads as under; "ORDER (i) The writ petitions are partly allowed.
(ii) The Karnataka Municipal Corporations and Certain Other Law (Amendment) Act, 2021 (Karnataka Act No.01 of 2022), is hereby quashed and set aside.
(iii) The Karnataka Municipal Corporations and Certain Other Law (Amendment) Act, 2023, (Karnataka Act No.37 of 2024), is hereby quashed and set aside.
(iv) It is hereby declared that the provisions contained in Section 18-A of the Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act, 1961, read with Rules 37-A and 37-C of the Karnataka Planning Authority Rules, 1965, are applicable only in respect of ‘Development Plan’ containing the proposal for construction on plots measuring more than 20,000 square meters in extent and not in respect of plots measuring less than 20,000 square meters.
(v) It is hereby declared that if fee has been earlier collected for change of land use or while approving a layout plan, fee shall not be collected for subsequent ‘Development Plan’ in terms of the ‘Note’ found below TABLE I of Rule 37-A of the Karnataka Planning Authority Rules, 1965. HC-KAR NC: 2025:KHC:23192 (vi) It is hereby declared that the linking of the fee leviable under Rule 37-A of the Karnataka Planning Authority Rules, 1965, to the ‘market value’ or ‘guidance value’ as determined under Section 45-B of the Karnataka Stamp Act, 1957, is illegal. However, liberty is reserved to the respondent-State Government and the BBMP to re-fix a standard after collecting empherical data.
(vii) Consequently, all the impugned Circulars which seek to give effect to the Rules 37-A and 37-C of the Karnataka Planning Authority Rules, 1965, are hereby quashed and set aside.
(viii) It is hereby declared that Clause 3.8 of the Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike Building Bye- laws, 2003, providing for ‘Ground Rent’, is illegal and are accordingly quashed and set aside.
(ix) Consequently, all the impugned Demand Notices raised by the respondent-BBMP, in respect of the writ petitioners herein are also quashed and set aside. It would be advisable that the BBMP may come out with a scheme for ‘One Time Settlement’ and settle the levy and collect the fee generally acceptable to the citizens of Bengaluru. This would also augment the present situation."
In the present writ petition, the core issue raised stands substantially covered and decided by the HC-KAR NC: 2025:KHC:23192 authoritative pronouncement of the coordinate bench, wherein the writ petitions were partly allowed and several consequential reliefs were granted. The Hon’ble Court, in unequivocal terms, quashed and set aside the Karnataka Municipal Corporations and Certain Other Law (Amendment) Acts of 2021 and 2023 (Karnataka Act Nos.01 of 2022 and 37 of 2024 respectively).
The Court further declared that the provisions under Section 18-A of the Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act, 1961, read with Rules 37-A and 37-C of the Karnataka Planning Authority Rules, 1965, are applicable only to development proposals concerning plots exceeding 20,000 square meters, and not to smaller plots. Importantly, it was also held that if a fee has been previously collected for change of land use or approval of layout plan, no further fee shall be levied for subsequent development plans, in view of the explanatory 'Note' to Table I of Rule 37-A. HC-KAR NC: 2025:KHC:23192
The Court declared illegal the linkage of such levies to market or guidance value under Section 45-B of the Karnataka Stamp Act, and consequently, quashed all Circulars and demand notices issued to give effect to such unlawful interpretations. Clause 3.8 of the BBMP Building Bye-laws, 2003, imposing 'Ground Rent', was also struck down.
In view of these comprehensive declarations and findings, it is submitted that the controversy raised in the present writ petition no longer survives for adjudication independently, as it is squarely covered by the binding judgment of the coordinate bench. In the light of the law laid down in the reported judgment substantially covering the issue, which is raised in the captioned writ petition, the writ petition is liable to be allowed strictly aligning to the operative portion of the said writ petition. HC-KAR NC: 2025:KHC:23192
In view of the above, this Court proceeds to pass the following; ORDER (i) The writ petition is allowed.
(ii) The impugned demand notice issued by respondent No.3 and 4 as per Annexure- D is hereby set-aside.
(iii) Respondent- BBMP hereby directed to issue fresh sanction plan.
(iv) Respondent- BBMP is hereby directed to forthwith process the petitioner's application seeking building license and sanction of the building plan, strictly in accordance with law.
(v) It is made clear that the issuance of the building license and approval plan shall not be withheld merely on the ground that the BBMP is contemplating to file an appeal against the reported judgment.
(vi) If the building license and sanction plan are issued, the same shall be subjected HC-KAR NC: 2025:KHC:23192 to the outcome of any appeal that may be filed by the BBMP against the judgment.
Pending applications, if any, are also disposed off. (SACHIN SHANKAR MAGADUM) JUDGE
MBM List No.: 2 Sl No.: 33
Reproduced from the public record of the Karnataka High Court. Verify against the court's own copy before relying on it. Income tax judgments are on bharattax.net.