M/S. Spectra Constructions Private Limited vs. The State Of Karnataka
Original PDF →Facts
The petitioner, M/s. Spectra Constructions Private Limited, filed a writ petition challenging the Karnataka Municipal Corporations and Certain Other Law (Amendment) Act, 2021 (Karnataka Act No.01 of 2022), and various notifications, circulars, and a demand notice issued by the Bruhat Bangalore Mahanagara Palike (BBMP) and the State of Karnataka. The petitioner sought to declare the amendment Act ultra vires the Constitution and in violation of a previous High Court decision. The petition also sought to quash specific provisions of the Karnataka Town & Country Planning Act, 1961, rules framed thereunder, BBMP building bye-laws, and a demand notice from the BBMP for various charges including GST on ground rent. The core of the dispute revolved around the legality of levies and fees imposed by the BBMP for building plan sanction and licenses.
Held
The High Court held that the core issues raised in the present writ petition were substantially covered and decided by a coordinate bench in a reported judgment. Consequently, the Court followed the precedent set by the coordinate bench. The Karnataka Municipal Corporations and Certain Other Law (Amendment) Act, 2021 (Karnataka Act No.01 of 2022) and the Karnataka Municipal Corporations and Certain Other Law (Amendment) Act, 2023 (Karnataka Act No.37 of 2024) were quashed and set aside. It was declared that Section 18-A of the Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act, 1961, read with Rules 37-A and 37-C of the Karnataka Planning Authority Rules, 1965, apply only to development proposals for plots exceeding 20,000 square meters. The linkage of fees to market or guidance value under Section 45-B of the Karnataka Stamp Act was declared illegal. Clause 3.8 of the BBMP Building Bye-laws, 2003, concerning 'Ground Rent', was also quashed. Accordingly, all impugned circulars and demand notices issued to give effect to these provisions were set aside. The Court directed the BBMP to issue a fresh/modified plan and process the petitioner's application for a building license and sanction strictly in accordance with law, without withholding it based on a potential appeal against the judgment.
Key Issues
1. Whether the Karnataka Municipal Corporations and Certain Other Law (Amendment) Act, 2021 (Karnataka Act No.01 of 2022) and the Karnataka Municipal Corporations and Certain Other Law (Amendment) Act, 2023 (Karnataka Act No.37 of 2024) are ultra vires the Constitution and liable to be quashed? (Relates to the validity of the amendment Acts). 2. Whether Section 18-A of the Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act, 1961, read with Rules 37-A and 37-C of the Karnataka Planning Authority Rules, 1965, are applicable only to development proposals on plots exceeding 20,000 square meters, and not to smaller plots? (Relates to the scope of application of statutory provisions). 3. Whether the linkage of fees leviable under Rule 37-A of the Karnataka Planning Authority Rules, 1965, to the market value or guidance value under Section 45-B of the Karnataka Stamp Act, 1957, is illegal? (Relates to the basis of fee calculation). 4. Whether Clause 3.8 of the Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike Building Bye-laws, 2003, providing for 'Ground Rent', is illegal and liable to be quashed? (Relates to the legality of specific bye-laws). 5. Whether the impugned demand notices issued by the BBMP, including those for GST on ground rent and other charges, are illegal and liable to be quashed? (Relates to the validity of demand notices). Petitioner's arguments: The petitioner contended that the amendment Acts were ultra vires and contrary to a previous High Court decision. They argued that the provisions of the Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act and Rules, as well as BBMP bye-laws and demand notices, were illegal, without jurisdiction, and arbitrary, particularly concerning the imposition of various fees and GST on ground rent. Revenue/State's arguments: The judgment does not record specific arguments from the respondents. However, it notes that the issue was dealt with by a coordinate bench in a reported judgment.
Sections Cited
Section 18-A, Rule 37-A, Rule 37-C, Section 45-B, Clause 3.8
AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below
Heard together (2 matters)
Read from the judgment's own cause title. This page is filed under one of them.
Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
ORAL ORDER
The captioned petition is filed seeking following reliefs:
“i) Grant an order declaring that the entire Karnataka Municipal Corporations and Certain Other Law (Amendment) Act, 2021 (Karnataka Act No.01 of 2022) notified on 13/01/2022 (ANNEXURE-R) as being ultra vires the Constitution in so far, the Petitioner is concerned in so far, the Petitioner is concerned.
ii) To declare that Karnataka Municipal Corporations and Certain Other Law (Amendment) Act, 2021 (Karnataka Act No.01 of 2022) notified on 13/01/2022 (ANNEXURE-R) is in violation/contrary to the decision of this Hon'ble Court in W.P. No.4601/2020 (LB-BMP) which is at Annexure-P.
iii) Grant an order, direction or writ in the nature of certiorari quashing the Office Order No.HaNiNaYo/PR/461/2021-22 dated 09/03/2022 issued by Respondent No.3 as contained in (ANNEXURE-S) in so far, the Petitioner is concerned.
iv) grant an order, direction or writ in the nature of Certiorari quashing Section 18-A of the Karnataka Town & Country Planning Act, 1961 brought into effect by Karnataka Act No.23 of 2004 (Karnataka Town & Country Planning (Amendment) Act, 1998) as contained in (ANNEXURE-J) insofar as Section 18-A(i) and (iv) is of HC-KAR NC: 2025:KHC:23199 the Karnataka Act No.23 of 2004 insofar petitioner, concerned;
v) Grant an order, direction or writ in the nature of Certiorari quashing the Notification issued by the 1st Respondent bearing No.UDD 3 TTP 2015 dated 25/02/2020 as contained in (ANNEXURE-H) insofar as the inserted Rule 37-A and 37-C is concerned;
vi) issue a writ or order by way of certiorari quashing the circular dated 14/08/2020, bearing No.He.Ni.Ka.Pa.Ko/P.R/320/2020-21 issued by the Respondent No.3 (Annexure-K) in so far the Petitioner is concerned.
vii) Grant an order, direction or writ in the nature of Certiorari quashing the Notification issued by the 1st Respondent bearing No.UDD 23 TTP 2020 (E) dated 21/06/2021 as contained in (ANNEXURE-L) insofar as the inserted Rule 37-A and 37-C is concerned;
viii) issue a writ or order by way of certiorari quashing the circular dated 24/06/2021, bearing No.He.Ni.Na.Yo/P.R/320/2020-21 issued by the Respondent No.3 (Annexure-M) in so far the Petitioner is concerned.
ix) issue a writ or order by way of certiorari quashing the demand notice dated Nil, bearing No.BBMP/Addl.Dir/JDNORTH/0109/23- 24, issued by the Respondent No.4 (Annexure-D) for demanding in so far it is concerned to Ground rent, GST on Ground rent, HC-KAR NC: 2025:KHC:23199 License fee, scrutiny fee, Betterment charges for building, Betterment charges of site, security deposit, Lake Rejuvenation fee, Cess for water supply scheme, Surcharge for formation outer ring road, Cess for improvement of slum, Surcharge for Mass Rapid Transport System, Labour cess and etc., as illegal, without juri iction and arbitrary.
x) Issue a writ or order or direction by way of mandamus directing the Respondent No.3 and 4 BBMP to issue the sanction plan for construction of the residential apartment Building in the Schedule Property without insisting the Ground rent, GST on Ground rent, License fee, scrutiny fee, Betterment charges for building, Betterment charges of site, security deposit, Lake Rejuvenation fee, Cess for water supply scheme, Surcharge for formation outer ring road, Cess for improvement of slum and Surcharge for Mass Rapid Transport System, Labour cess and xi) pass any such other order(s) as this Hon'ble Court deems fit in the facts and circumstances of the case in the interest of justice and equity.”
It is brought to the notice of this Court that across the Bar, the issue is dealt by the Co-ordinate Bench in the reported judgment in W.P.No.23086/2022 and connected matters. The Co-ordinate Bench, while HC-KAR NC: 2025:KHC:23199 deciding the issue, has set-aside the Karnataka Municipal Corporations and Certain Other Law (Amendment) Act, 2021 (Karnataka Act No.01 of 2022) and the Karnataka Municipal Corporations and Certain Other Law (Amendment) Act, 2023, (Karnataka Act No.37 of 2024). Therefore, this Court deems it fit to cull out the operative portion of the order, which reads as under; "ORDER (i) The writ petitions are partly allowed.
(ii) The Karnataka Municipal Corporations and Certain Other Law (Amendment) Act, 2021 (Karnataka Act No.01 of 2022), is hereby quashed and set aside.
(iii) The Karnataka Municipal Corporations and Certain Other Law (Amendment) Act, 2023, (Karnataka Act No.37 of 2024), is hereby quashed and set aside.
(iv) It is hereby declared that the provisions contained in Section 18-A of the Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act, 1961, read with Rules 37-A and 37-C of the Karnataka Planning Authority Rules, 1965, are applicable only in respect of ‘Development Plan’ containing the proposal for construction on plots measuring more than 20,000 square meters in extent and not in respect of plots measuring less than 20,000 square meters. HC-KAR NC: 2025:KHC:23199 (v) It is hereby declared that if fee has been earlier collected for change of land use or while approving a layout plan, fee shall not be collected for subsequent ‘Development Plan’ in terms of the ‘Note’ found below TABLE I of Rule 37-A of the Karnataka Planning Authority Rules, 1965. (vi) It is hereby declared that the linking of the fee leviable under Rule 37-A of the Karnataka Planning Authority Rules, 1965, to the ‘market value’ or ‘guidance value’ as determined under Section 45-B of the Karnataka Stamp Act, 1957, is illegal. However, liberty is reserved to the respondent-State Government and the BBMP to re-fix a standard after collecting empherical data.
(vii) Consequently, all the impugned Circulars which seek to give effect to the Rules 37-A and 37-C of the Karnataka Planning Authority Rules, 1965, are hereby quashed and set aside.
(viii) It is hereby declared that Clause 3.8 of the Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike Building Bye- laws, 2003, providing for ‘Ground Rent’, is illegal and are accordingly quashed and set aside.
(ix) Consequently, all the impugned Demand Notices raised by the respondent-BBMP, in respect of the writ petitioners herein are also quashed and set aside. It would be advisable that the BBMP may come out with a scheme for ‘One Time Settlement’ and settle HC-KAR NC: 2025:KHC:23199 the levy and collect the fee generally acceptable to the citizens of Bengaluru. This would also augment the present situation."
In the present writ petition, the core issue raised stands substantially covered and decided by the authoritative pronouncement of the coordinate bench, wherein the writ petitions were partly allowed and several consequential reliefs were granted. The Hon’ble Court, in unequivocal terms, quashed and set aside the Karnataka Municipal Corporations and Certain Other Law (Amendment) Acts of 2021 and 2023 (Karnataka Act Nos.01 of 2022 and 37 of 2024 respectively).
The Court further declared that the provisions under Section 18-A of the Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act, 1961, read with Rules 37-A and 37-C of the Karnataka Planning Authority Rules, 1965, are applicable only to development proposals concerning plots exceeding 20,000 square meters, and not to smaller plots. Importantly, it was also held that if a fee has been HC-KAR NC: 2025:KHC:23199 previously collected for change of land use or approval of layout plan, no further fee shall be levied for subsequent development plans, in view of the explanatory 'Note' to Table I of Rule 37-A.
The Court declared illegal the linkage of such levies to market or guidance value under Section 45-B of the Karnataka Stamp Act, and consequently, quashed all Circulars and demand notices issued to give effect to such unlawful interpretations. Clause 3.8 of the BBMP Building Bye-laws, 2003, imposing 'Ground Rent', was also struck down.
In view of these comprehensive declarations and findings, it is submitted that the controversy raised in the present writ petition no longer survives for adjudication independently, as it is squarely covered by the binding judgment of the coordinate bench. In the light of the law laid down in the reported judgment substantially covering the issue, which is raised in the captioned writ HC-KAR NC: 2025:KHC:23199 petition, the writ petition is liable to be allowed strictly aligning to the operative portion of the said writ petition.
In view of the above, this Court proceeds to pass the following; ORDER (i) The writ petition is allowed.
(ii) The impugned demand notice issued by respondent No.4 as per Annexure-D is hereby set-aside.
(iii) Respondent- BBMP hereby directed to issue fresh/modified plan as the case may be.
(iv) Respondent- BBMP is hereby directed to forthwith process the petitioner's application seeking building license and sanction of the building plan, strictly in accordance with law.
(v) It is made clear that the issuance of the building license and approval plan shall not be withheld merely on the ground HC-KAR NC: 2025:KHC:23199 that the BBMP is contemplating to file an appeal against the reported judgment.
(vi) If the building license and sanction plan are issued, the same shall be subjected to the outcome of any appeal that may be filed by the BBMP against the judgment.
Pending applications, if any, are also disposed off. (SACHIN SHANKAR MAGADUM) JUDGE
MBM List No.: 2 Sl No.: 40
Reproduced from the public record of the Karnataka High Court. Verify against the court's own copy before relying on it. Income tax judgments are on bharattax.net.