M/S Samyuktha Shelters vs. The State Of Karnataka
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The petitioner, M/s. Samyuktha Shelters, filed a writ petition challenging various amendments to municipal laws and related notifications and circulars. The petitioner sought to declare the Karnataka Municipal Corporations and Certain Other Law (Amendment) Act, 2021 (Karnataka Act No. 01 of 2022) and the Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike and Certain Other Law (Amendment) Act, 2023 as ultra vires. The petition also challenged specific sections of the Karnataka Town & Country Planning Act, 1961, notifications regarding Rules 37-A and 37-C, and circulars issued by the Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP). A demand notice dated March 26, 2025, issued by the Assistant Director, Town Planning, BBMP, demanding various charges including GST on ground rent, was also challenged as illegal and without jurisdiction. The petitioner sought directions to issue a sanction plan without insisting on these charges and to quash the demand notice.
Held
The Court noted that the core issues raised in the present writ petition were substantially covered by a coordinate bench's decision in W.P.No.23086/2022 and connected matters. The coordinate bench had quashed and set aside the Karnataka Municipal Corporations and Certain Other Law (Amendment) Act, 2021 (Karnataka Act No.01 of 2022) and the Karnataka Municipal Corporations and Certain Other Law (Amendment) Act, 2023 (Karnataka Act No.37 of 2024). It was declared that Section 18-A of the Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act, 1961, read with Rules 37-A and 37-C of the Karnataka Planning Authority Rules, 1965, apply only to development proposals for plots exceeding 20,000 square meters. The linkage of levies to market or guidance value under Section 45-B of the Karnataka Stamp Act was declared illegal, and consequently, all impugned circulars and demand notices were quashed. Clause 3.8 of the BBMP Building Bye-laws, 2003, imposing 'Ground Rent', was also struck down. Following this precedent, the present writ petition was allowed. The impugned demand notice dated March 26, 2025, was set aside, and BBMP was directed to issue a fresh/modified plan and process the petitioner's application for building license and sanction of the building plan strictly in accordance with law. The issuance of the license and plan shall not be withheld pending any appeal by BBMP, but will be subject to the outcome of any such appeal.
Key Issues
1. Whether the Karnataka Municipal Corporations and Certain Other Law (Amendment) Act, 2021 (Karnataka Act No. 01 of 2022) and the Karnataka Municipal Corporations and Certain Other Law (Amendment) Act, 2023, are ultra vires the Constitution, as contended by the petitioner. The respondents did not explicitly argue against this, but the judgment refers to a coordinate bench's decision. 2. Whether Section 18-A of the Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act, 1961, read with Rules 37-A and 37-C of the Karnataka Planning Authority Rules, 1965, are applicable only to development plans for plots exceeding 20,000 square meters, and whether the linkage of fees to market value under Section 45-B of the Karnataka Stamp Act, 1957, is illegal, as argued by the petitioner. The respondents' stance is implicitly addressed by the coordinate bench's ruling. 3. Whether Clause 3.8 of the Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike Building Bye-laws, 2003, providing for 'Ground Rent', is illegal, and consequently, whether demand notices issued by the BBMP for various charges including GST on ground rent, are illegal and without jurisdiction, as contended by the petitioner. The respondents' arguments are not separately recorded, but the judgment relies on a prior decision.
Sections Cited
Section 18-A, Rule 37-A, Rule 37-C, Section 45-B, Clause 3.8
AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below
Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
ORAL ORDER This petition is filed seeking the following reliefs:- “i) Grant an order declaring that the entire Karnataka Municipal Corporations and Certain Other Law (Amendment) Act, 2021 HC-KAR NC: 2025:KHC:25886 (Karnataka Act No. 01 of 2022) bearing No. DPAL/50/Shasana/2021, Bengaluru notified on 13/01/2022 issued by the Respondent No.2 (ΑΝNEXURE-R) as being ultra vires the Constitution in so far, the Petitioner is concerned.
ii) To declare that Karnataka Municipal Corporations and Certain Other Law (Amendment) Act, 2021 (Karnataka Act No. 01 of 2022) bearing No. DPAL/50/Shasana/2021, Bengaluru notified on 13/01/2022 issued by the Respondent No.2 (ΑΝNEXURE-R) is in violation/contrary to the decision of this Hon’ble Court in W.P.No.4601/2020 (LB-BMP) which is at Annexure-P.
iii) Grant an order, direction or writ in the nature of certiorari quashing the Office Order No. HaNiNaYo/PR/461/2021-22 dated 09/03/2022 issued by Respondent No.3 as contained in (ANNEXURE-S) in so far, the Petitioner is concerned.
iv) Grant an order, direction or writ in the nature of Certiorari quashing Section 18-A of the Karnataka Town & Country Planning Act, 1961 brought into effect by Karnataka Act No. 23 of 2004 (Karnataka Town & Country Planning HC-KAR NC: 2025:KHC:25886 (Amendment) Act, 1998) as contained in (ANNEXURE-K) insofar as Section 18-A(i) and (iv) of the Karnataka Act No. 23 of 2004 is concerned;
v) Grant an order, direction or writ in the nature of Certiorari quashing the Notification issued by the 1st Respondent bearing No. UDD 3 TTP 2015 dated 25/02/2020 as contained in (ANNEXURE-J) insofar as the inserted Rule 37-A and 37-C is concerned;
vi) issue a writ or order by way of certiorari quashing the circular dated 14/08/2020, bearing No. He.Ni.Ka.Pa.Ko/P.R/320/2020-21 issued by the Respondent No.3 (Annexure-L) in so far the Petitioner is concerned.
vii) Grant an order, direction or writ in the nature of Certiorari quashing the Notification issued by the 1st Respondent bearing No. UDD 23 TTP 2020 (E) dated 21/06/2021 as contained in (ANNEXURE-M) insofar as the inserted Rule 37-A and 37-C is concerned;
viii) issue a writ or order by way of certiorari quashing the circular dated 24/06/2021, bearing No. He.Ni.Na.Yo/P.R/320/2020-21 issued by the Respondent No.3 (Annexure-N) in so far the Petitioner is concerned. HC-KAR NC: 2025:KHC:25886 ix) to declare that the entire Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike and Certain Other Law (Amendment) Act, 2023 notified on 16/08/2024 vide Notification bearing No.DPAL 36 Shasana 2023, Bengaluru issued by the Respondent No.2 (ΑΝNEXURE-T1) as being ultra vires the Constitution of India.
x) issue a writ or order by way of certiorari quashing the demand notice dated 126/03/2025, bearing
No.BBMP/Ad.Com/ MDP/0851/24-25, issued by the Respondent No.4 (Annexure-D) for demanding in so far it is concerned to Ground rent, GST on Ground rent, License fee, scrutiny fee, Betterment charges for building, security deposit, Labour cess and etc., as illegal, without juri iction and arbitrary.
xi) issue a writ or order or direction by way of mandamus directing the Respondent No.3 and 4 BBMP to issue the sanction plan for construction of the residential apartment Building in the Schedule Property without insisting the Ground rent, GST on Ground rent, License fee, scrutiny fee, Betterment charges for building, security deposit, Labour cess and HC-KAR NC: 2025:KHC:25886 xii) pass any such other order(s) as this Hon'ble Court deems fit in the facts and circumstances of the case in the interest of justice and equity.”
It is brought to the notice of this Court that across the Bar, the issue is dealt by the Co-ordinate Bench in the reported judgment in W.P.No.23086/2022 and connected matters. The Co-ordinate Bench, while deciding the issue, has set-aside the Karnataka Municipal Corporations and Certain Other Law (Amendment) Act, 2021 (Karnataka Act No.01 of 2022) and the Karnataka Municipal Corporations and Certain Other Law (Amendment) Act, 2023, (Karnataka Act No.37 of 2024). Therefore, this Court deems it fit to cull out the operative portion of the order, which reads as under; "ORDER (i) The writ petitions are partly allowed. (ii) The Karnataka Municipal Corporations and Certain Other Law (Amendment) Act, 2021 (Karnataka Act No.01 of 2022), is hereby quashed and set aside. HC-KAR NC: 2025:KHC:25886 (iii) The Karnataka Municipal Corporations and Certain Other Law (Amendment) Act, 2023, (Karnataka Act No.37 of 2024), is hereby quashed and set aside. (iv) It is hereby declared that the provisions contained in Section 18-A of the Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act, 1961, read with Rules 37-A and 37-C of the Karnataka Planning Authority Rules, 1965, are applicable only in respect of ‘Development Plan’ containing the proposal for construction on plots measuring more than 20,000 square meters in extent and not in respect of plots measuring less than 20,000 square meters. (v) It is hereby declared that if fee has been earlier collected for change of land use or while approving a layout plan, fee shall not be collected for subsequent ‘Development Plan’ in terms of the ‘Note’ found below TABLE I of Rule 37-A of the Karnataka Planning Authority Rules, 1965. (vi) It is hereby declared that the linking of the fee leviable under Rule 37-A of the Karnataka Planning Authority Rules, 1965, to the ‘market value’ or ‘guidance value’ as determined under Section 45-B of the Karnataka Stamp Act, 1957, is illegal. However, liberty is reserved to the respondent-State Government and the BBMP to re-fix a standard after collecting empherical data. (vii) Consequently, all the impugned Circulars which seek to give effect to the Rules 37-A and 37-C of HC-KAR NC: 2025:KHC:25886 the Karnataka Planning Authority Rules, 1965, are hereby quashed and set aside. (viii) It is hereby declared that Clause 3.8 of the Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike Building Bye- laws, 2003, providing for ‘Ground Rent’, is illegal and are accordingly quashed and set aside. (ix) Consequently, all the impugned Demand Notices raised by the respondent-BBMP, in respect of the writ petitioners herein are also quashed and set aside. It would be advisable that the BBMP may come out with a scheme for ‘One Time Settlement’ and settle the levy and collect the fee generally acceptable to the citizens of Bengaluru. This would also augment the present situation."
In the present writ petition, the core issue raised stands substantially covered and decided by the authoritative pronouncement of the coordinate bench, wherein the writ petitions were partly allowed and several consequential reliefs were granted. The Hon’ble Court, in unequivocal terms, quashed and set aside the Karnataka Municipal Corporations and Certain Other Law (Amendment) Acts of 2021 and 2023 (Karnataka Act Nos.01 of 2022 and 37 of 2024 respectively). HC-KAR NC: 2025:KHC:25886
The Court further declared that the provisions under Section 18-A of the Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act, 1961, read with Rules 37-A and 37-C of the Karnataka Planning Authority Rules, 1965, are applicable only to development proposals concerning plots exceeding 20,000 square meters, and not to smaller plots. Importantly, it was also held that if a fee has been previously collected for change of land use or approval of layout plan, no further fee shall be levied for subsequent development plans, in view of the explanatory 'Note' to Table I of Rule 37-A.
The Court declared illegal the linkage of such levies to market or guidance value under Section 45-B of the Karnataka Stamp Act, and consequently, quashed all Circulars and demand notices issued to give effect to such unlawful interpretations. Clause 3.8 of the BBMP Building Bye-laws, 2003, imposing 'Ground Rent', was also struck down. HC-KAR NC: 2025:KHC:25886
In view of these comprehensive declarations and findings, it is submitted that the controversy raised in the present writ petition no longer survives for adjudication independently, as it is squarely covered by the binding judgment of the coordinate bench. In the light of the law laid down in the reported judgment substantially covering the issue, which is raised in the captioned writ petition, the writ petition is liable to be allowed strictly aligning to the operative portion of the said writ petition.
In view of the above, this Court proceeds to pass the following; ORDER (i) The writ petition is allowed. (ii) The impugned demand notice dated 26.03.2025 issued by respondent No.4 as per Annexure-D is hereby set-aside. (iii) Respondent Nos.3 and 4 - BBMP are hereby directed to issue fresh/modified plan as the case may be. HC-KAR NC: 2025:KHC:25886 (iv) Respondent Nos.3 and 4 - BBMP are hereby directed to forthwith process the petitioner's application seeking building license and sanction of the building plan, strictly in accordance with law. (v) It is made clear that the issuance of the building license and approval plan shall not be withheld merely on the ground that the BBMP is contemplating to file an appeal against the reported judgment. (vi) If the building license and sanction plan are issued, the same shall be subjected to the outcome of any appeal that may be filed by the BBMP against the judgment. Pending applications, if any, are also disposed off. (SACHIN SHANKAR MAGADUM) JUDGE
NBM List No.: 2 Sl No.: 40
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