Naresh T Jain vs. The State Of Maharashtra
Original PDF →Facts
The applicant, Naresh T. Jain, sought regular bail in connection with C.R. No. 33 of 2020 registered by the Economic Offences Wing (EOW) for offences under Sections 406, 409, 420, 465, 467, 468, 471, 477A read with 120-B of the Indian Penal Code. The applicant's proprietory concern, N.T. Jain and Company, was the Internal Auditor for Cox and Kings Limited (CKL). CKL had borrowed substantial amounts from Indusind Bank and defaulted on repayment. The prosecution alleges that CKL, along with accused persons including the applicant, defrauded Indusind Bank by defaulting on commercial credit card facilities extended for business purposes. The applicant's alleged role is falsification of accounts, with co-accused Anil O. Khandelwal, the CFO of CKL. The applicant has been incarcerated since August 18, 2022, and charge-sheet has been filed. The applicant also seeks bail on the grounds of parity with other co-accused who have been granted bail, including the main accused and co-accused Anil O. Khandelwal, and his own prior bail in other FIRs with similar allegations. He also notes his bail granted by the PMLA Special Court.
Held
The Court granted bail to the applicant, Naresh T. Jain. The Court considered the rival submissions and perused the record. While acknowledging the gravity of offences like Section 409 and 467 of the IPC, the Court noted the applicant's long incarceration and the fact that he had already been granted bail by this Court in other FIRs with similar allegations. Crucially, the Court observed that the complainant bank, in advancing substantial amounts over a period of five years, ought to have conducted enhanced due diligence, especially given the high risk involved in lending hundreds of crores of public money. The Court prima facie found that the applicant had made out a case for bail, particularly considering his role as an Internal Auditor and the potential for his complicity to be determined during the trial. The Court also took into account the bail granted to the main accused and other co-accused. The Court clarified that its observations were limited to the purpose of granting bail and that the trial would proceed uninfluenced by this order. The applicant was directed to be released on furnishing a Personal Recognizance Bond of Rs. 1,00,000/- with sureties, with provisional cash bail and a period of four weeks to furnish sureties. Additional conditions included reporting to the Investigating Officer, cooperating with the trial, not leaving Maharashtra without permission, surrendering his passport, and not influencing witnesses.
Key Issues
1. Whether the applicant is entitled to be released on regular bail under Section 439 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, considering the alleged offences under Sections 406, 409, 420, 465, 467, 468, 471, 477A read with 120-B of the Indian Penal Code? Petitioner's Arguments: The applicant's counsel argued for bail based on parity with co-accused, including the main accused Ajay Ajit Peter Kerkar (granted bail by the Supreme Court) and Anil O. Khandelwal (granted bail by this Court). He also highlighted the applicant's prior bail orders in other FIRs with similar allegations and his long incarceration. Furthermore, the applicant's bail granted by the PMLA Special Court on grounds of delay in trial commencement and long incarceration was presented as an additional factor. Respondent's Arguments: The State opposed the bail, characterizing the case as an economic offence affecting the nation's economy and financial fabric. The prosecution emphasized the applicant's significant role in falsifying accounts to present CKL as financially sound, thereby inducing the complainant bank to part with public money, leading to default. The State acknowledged that considering parity and long incarceration, the Court might pass an appropriate order without delving into the merits, as those would be determined at trial.
Sections Cited
Section 439, Section 406, Section 409, Section 420, Section 465, Section 467, Section 468, Section 471, Section 477A, Section 120-B
AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below
912(iii).5148.2024.doc Ajay
IN IN THE THE HIGH HIGH COURT COURT OF OF JUDICATURE JUDICATURE AT AT BOMBAY BOMBAY CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURI ICTION CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURI ICTION CRIMINAL BAIL APPLICATION
NO. 5148 OF 2024
Naresh T. Jain .. Applicant Versus The State of Maharashtra .. Respondent .................... Mr. Satyavrat Joshi (through VC) a/w. Ms. Sayee Sawant, Mr. Shaunak Sawant, Mr. Yash Fadtare, Mr. Manish Desai, Mr. Samay Pawar i/by Vidhii Partners for Applicant. Ms. Megha S. Bajoria, APP for Respondent – State. PI Ms. Anuja Ghadge, for EOW present. ......…........... CORAM : MILIND N. JADHAV, J. DATE : MARCH 11, 2025. P.C.:
Heard Mr. Joshi, learned Advocate for Applicant and Ms. Bajoria, learned APP for Respondent – State.
The present Bail Application is filed under Section 439 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 by Applicant – Naresh T. Jain seeking Regular Bail in connection with C.R. No.33 of 2020 wherein he is arraigned as accused alongwith several other co-accused registered by Economic Offences Wing1, Banking - 2 Unit - 10, Mumbai for offences under Sections 406, 409, 420, 465, 467, 468, 471, 477A readwith 120-B of Indian Penal Code2. Applicant is incarcerated since 18.08.2022 i.e. 2 years 6 months and 22 days. Investigation of the matter is completed and Charge-sheet has been filed. Complainant is 1 For short ‘EOW’ 2 For short ‘IPC’ 1 of 14
912(iii).5148.2024.doc Indusind Bank.
Applicant – Naresh Tikamchand Jain’s proprietory concern namely N.T. Jain and Company is the Internal Auditor of of the Company called Cox and Kings Limited3. CKL borrowed huge amounts as capital loan from Indusind Bank and defaulted in repayment. Complainant is Mr. Audley Thomas Luis, Vice President of Indusind Bank. Complaint dated 23.10.2020 is filed against CKL, Anthony Bruton, Urshila Kerkar, Ajay Ajit Peter Kerkar and other unknown and connected accused persons in connection with default and non- repayment of the loan amount of Rs. 284 crores received by CKL from Indusind Bank as working capital loan during the period between February 2015 to 2019. 4. Briefly stated prosecution case is that CKL borrowed similar substantial amounts and loan towards working capital between 2011 and 2019 from Axis Bank, Lakshmi Vilas Bank, HDFC Bank, Yes Bank, Tourism Finance Corporation Limited, Kurlon Enterprises Limited, Complainant Bank in different denominations running into several hundred crores of Rupees. Complaint is lodged by Indusind Bank for cheating and criminal breach of trust due to default by the said Company CKL in repayment of the loan amount advanced. It is seen that post 2019, CKL failed to repay the loan amount to Complainant Bank. It also defaulted on statutory payments including payment 3 For short ‘CKL’ 2 of 14
912(iii).5148.2024.doc towards GST4 and TDS5. Record shows that on 27.06.2019 CKL filed a disclosure with the Stock Exchange informing that it had defaulted in repayment of commercial papers aggregating various denominations pertaining to Banks from which they had obtained loan and could not repay the same. Record shows that on 15.07.2019 a Steering Committee was formed of Complainant Bank, Lakshmi Vilas Bank, Yes Bank and State Bank of India (some of the Complainant Banks whose loans were defaulted by CKL). Record shows that in August 2019, Steering Committee appointed a Forensic Auditor i.e. Price Waterhouse Cooper to conduct audit of the accounts of CKL. In October 2019, proceedings were initiated before the National Company Law Tribunal against CKL for recovery of claims to the extent of Rs.270 crores. Forensic Auditor submitted interim report in December 2019 and it was followed by a final report thereafter which prima facie indicated widespread diversion of monies which were given to CKL as financial facilities. Prima facie it was stated that these monies received as loan were diverted to various other entities owned and operated by the accused persons in the present crime including the Applicant. It is in this context that present FIR was filed, registered and investigated.
Investigation of the crime is completed and charge-sheet has been filed on 08.03.2021. 4 Goods and Services Tax 5 Tax Deducted at Source 3 of 14
912(iii).5148.2024.doc
Prosecution case is that Applicant and other accused persons being directors etc. of CKL is that they defrauded the aforesaid Complainant Bank by defaulting payments pertaining to commercial credit cards facility extended by the complainant bank to facilitate the business of tours and travels and other such activities of CKL. Initially, commercial cards facility was extended in the form of two commercial cards sanctioned to CKL for the purpose of making travel and incidental bookings such as airline tickets, hotels and tour bookings, with a credit limit of Rs.25 crores. This was in February 2015. The credit facility was increased from time to time and eventually, on 16.03.2018, it was extended to Rs.370 crores. But subsequently, the commercial credit card limit had to be reduced after it was noticed that in June 2019, CKL defaulted on statutory payments, including payments towards GST and TDS.
The alleged role attributed to Applicant is of falsification of accounts with co-accused Anil O. Khandelwal who was the Chief Financial Officer of CKL. It is alleged in the charge-sheet that certain amounts were paid to them which could be said to be the amounts received by them for having indulged in the illegal activity of falsification of accounts.
Mr. Joshi, learned Advocate for the Applicant has at the outset drawn my attention to the fact that the main accused namely 4 of 14
912(iii).5148.2024.doc Ajay Ajit Peter Kerkar has been granted bail vide order dated 29.08.2024 passed by the Supreme Court6 as also co-accused Anil O. Khandelwal has been granted bail vide order dated 13.08.2024 passed by this Court (Coram: Manish Pitale, J.). He would next draw my attention to the orders dated 28.11.2024 and 25.02.2025 passed by this Court granting bail to present Applicant in connection with other FIRs wherein similar allegations are levelled against the Applicant. He would therefore persuade the Court to consider these orders as well as the order passed by the Supreme Court granting bail to the main Accused namely Ajay Ajit Peter Kerkar as also co-accused Naresh T. Jain being enlarged by this Court and claim parity with them for grant of bail considering his long incarceration and submit that his further judicial custody is unwarranted as he has fully co-operated in the investigation.
Next, he would submit that Applicant has been granted bail by the learned PMLA Special Court vide order dated 30.04.2024 on the ground of delay in commencement of trial and his long incarceration which is an additional ground which the Court should be considered.
Hence he would urge the Court to consider the facts in the present case and enlarge the Applicant on bail.
Ms. Bajoria, learned APP would vehemently oppose grant of bail to the Applicant. She would submit that Applicant is indicted for 6 Criminal Appeal arising out of SLP (Crl) Nos.10471-10478 of 2024 5 of 14
912(iii).5148.2024.doc an economic offence which is considered to be an offence against the economy of the nation and affects the financial fabric of the society at large. She would submit that role of the Applicant as highlighted and endorsed in the charge-sheet is of falsification of accounts to depict a healthy picture of the financial health of the Company CKL as being financially sound for the purpose of obtaining loans / capital loans and it thus forms the basis of the crime in question. She would submit that such falsification of accounts form the basis of inducement to the Complainant - bank in question to part with huge sums of public money as borrowings / loan amount which is ultimately defaulted by the Company. She would thus emphasize that role of Applicant has to be categorized as a major role in submitting falsified accounts to Complainant Bank on the basis of which substantial loan is procured by the Company CKL with the intention of defaulting on the same on the basis of falsified documents like balance sheets etc. which has come true in the present case. However on taking instructions she would submit that considering parity and long incarceration the Court may pass appropriate order rather than delving on the issue of merits since the same would be determined in the trial.
I have considered the rival submissions advanced at the bar and perused the record with the able assistance of the learned Advocates appearing for the parties. 6 of 14
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Prima facie it is seen that offences under Section 409 and 467 of IPC are the major offences as they provide for punishment of imprisonment of more than 7 years and contemplate maximum sentence of life imprisonment. Therefore if Applicant is able to demonstrate that the said offences prima facie cannot be said to be made out against then then Court would be inclined to grant bail particularly in the light of his long incarceration as argued by his Advocate and investigation being completed.
Since the Prosecution Advocate has persuaded me to consider the case of Applicant on parity and long incarceration as also the fact that the main principal accused Ajay Ajit Peter Kerkar as also co-accused Anil O. Khandelwal having been granted bail, adhering to Courts ought to exercise power to enlarge accused under-trials on bail, who have suffered substantial incarceration and there is remote possibility of trial being completed within the reasonable period of time. The Supreme Court has emphasized upon right to speedy trial being a facet of Article 21 of the Constitution of India.
This Court is of the opinion that this position of law also enures to the benefit of the Applicant. 7 2024 SCC OnLine SC 1693 8 (2021) 3 SCC 713 9 (2022) 10 SCC 51 8 of 14
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While considering the case of Applicant for grant of bail, it is seen that the principal case of Complainant is that there is a default in repayment of loan amount advanced by the banks to the Company i.e. CKL. What intrigues the Court's mind is the fact that when Public and Private Sector Banks holding public money advance large amounts of monies as loan or working capital to a borrower, what is the nature of security that the said Banks take from the Borrower in order to secure the loan amount. In the present case borrower is CKL. In general context if a common man approaches a Public Sector Bank or a Private Sector Bank for loan, in order to secure the loan amount the common man is required to give more than adequate security without which no loan is ever approved or sanctioned to him. When an Application for loan is made, Banks follow a rigorous regime of compliances to be undertaken by the borrower as required by the Bank only after which if complied the loan is sanctioned. This procedure and process for compliance is generally called as due diligence to be undertaken by the Bank which advances the loan amount. Whether this procedure was followed by the Complainant Bank in the present case with CKL is the question before the Court? Because Bank is the Complainant in the present case.
Prima facie it is seen that Complainant Bank alleges that when the Company CKL approached the Bank, it placed on record its balance sheet which was prima facie looking very healthy and based 9 of 14
912(iii).5148.2024.doc upon which the Complainant Bank advanced huge amounts of money as loan. It should not be forgotten that these monies which are / were advanced as loan by the Complainant Bank are / were public monies.
Therefore even if the borrower Company i.e. CKL presented and relied upon its balance sheet for procuring the loan amount which runs into Crores in most of the cases before me, it was the duty of the Complainant Bank to undertake appropriate due diligence. In this context attention is invited to Bank's due diligence to be followed before giving loan to a borrower Company on the basis of its balance sheet only. It is seen that Banks have to perform a variety of due diligence checks before giving loan to a Company on the basis of its balance sheet. In the case of a Company submitting its balance sheets, Banks not only have to review the Company's balance sheet but also its income statements and cash flow statements. Banks are required to assess the Company's risk profile and monitor the Company's performance throughout the tenure of loan. In the present case, it is prima facie seen that loan was given to CKL by Complainant Bank over a tenure of 5 years beginning from 2015 to 2019. In that context, the Complainant Bank was required to take steps with respect to enhanced due diligence because while advancing hundreds of Crores of public money as loan it would involve and indicate a much higher risk so as to ensure that the money borrowed is returned back. Such enhanced due diligence would have helped the Complainant Bank to mitigate the 10 of 14
912(iii).5148.2024.doc risk factors as also to meet all regulatory requirements and avoid reputational, operational, legal and concentration risks. It is seen that in order to prevent the Banks and other Financial Institutions from being used as a channel for money laundering and to ensure the integrity and stability of the financial system efforts are continuously being made both internationally and nationally by way of prescribing various rules and regulations. In India Reserve Bank of India has been at the forefront in taking steps through various Regulations and Notifications. In India, Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 and Prevention of Money (Maintenance of Record) Rules 2005 form the legal framework of anti-money laundering and countering financing of terrorism. In that view all regulated entities are required to follow certain customer identification procedures and prescriptions while undertaking transactions either by establishing an account based relationship or otherwise and monitor transactions.
It is seen that in the present case over a period of more than 5 years, Complainant Bank advanced substantial amounts running into several crores of rupees to CKL. CKL has not been in a position to repay the said amount from 2019 onwards. The question therefore that would arise in the mind of the Court is whether the Complainant Bank had carried out due diligence appropriately in the context of the procedure required to be followed by any Public or Private Sector Bank while advancing large sums of monies which are not secured 11 of 14
912(iii).5148.2024.doc adequately. For example in the case of the Complainant before me it is stated that they were deceived by falsified accounts and balance sheets which were submitted to them for borrowing the amounts by CKL. Still 5 year period over which amounts were advanced is reasonably a long period for the Complainant Bank to complete appropriate due diligence and ensure that the real status of the borrower Company is known to the Complainant - Bank.
Needless to state that complicity of the accused persons in the present crime in question will be determined in the trial on adjudication. Before me is the case of the Internal Auditor of CKL. Undoubtedly his complicity and role will be determined in the ensuing trial. However, considering the period of long incarceration and my above prima facie observations and findings, I am of the opinion that the Applicant has made out a case for bail.
As delineated herein above, Applicant has already been granted bail by orders dated 28.11.2024 and 25.02.2025 passed by this Court in other Bail Applications. Keeping that in view, Bail Application is allowed on the following terms and conditions:- (i) Applicant is directed to be released on bail on furnishing P.R. Bond of Rs. 1,00,000/- (Rupees One Lakh only) with one or two sureties of the like amount; (ii) Applicant shall be released forthwith on provisional 12 of 14
912(iii).5148.2024.doc cash bail of Rs. 1,00,000/- (Rupees One Lakh only) and is permitted to furnish sureties as directed within a period of 4 weeks after his release from prison; (iii) Applicant shall report to the Investigating Officer of EOW as and when called for by the Investigating Officer; (iv) Applicant shall co-operate with the conduct of trial and attend the Trial Court on all dates, unless specifically exempted and will not take any unnecessary adjournments, if he does so it will entitle the prosecution to apply for cancellation of this order; (v) Applicant shall not leave the State of Maharashtra without prior permission of the Trial Court; (vi) Applicant shall surrender his passport, if any, within 2 weeks from his release, with the Trial Court; (vii) Applicant shall not influence any of the witnesses or tamper with the evidence in any manner; (viii) Applicant shall keep the Investigating Officer informed of his current address and mobile contact number and / or change of residence or mobile details, if any, from time to time, as applicable; and 13 of 14
912(iii).5148.2024.doc (ix) Any infraction of the conditions shall entail prosecution to apply for cancellation of bail granted to the Applicant.
It is clarified that the above observations in this order are limited only for the purpose of granting bail and the trial shall proceed uninfluenced by the present order. The trial shall be adjudicated on its own merits and evidence and determined strictly in accordance with law.
Bail Application is allowed and disposed.
[ MILIND N. JADHAV, J. ] Ajay 14 of 14 RAVINDRA MOHAN AMBERKAR MOHAN AMBERKAR Date: 2025.03.11 20:24:38 +0530
Reproduced from the public record of the Bombay High Court. Verify against the court's own copy before relying on it. Income tax judgments are on bharattax.net.